Friday, 13 June 2014

Educational Readings - 99 days to the New Zealand Elections: A turning point or more of the same?



99 day to vote for the future of creative teaching
By Bruce Hammonds

Allan Alach, the regular complier of Educational Readings, is away holidaying in the UK and Europe for a few weeks but plans to take up compiling the weekly Educational Readings from next week Geography is no barrier in the age of the internet. In the meantime I have put together this set of readings with the NZ elections in mind.
The Global Education Reform Movement ( GERM)
Corporate control of teaching

This blog/reading is deliberately biased towards critiquing the current neo- liberal ideology that has infected Anglo/American Education.  The Global Educational Reform Movement as it is known - often referred to as 'GERM'.

It is important for educators to appreciate that the business/private enterprise approach is not restricted to education it applies to all aspects of public service organizations. Behind it all is the power of the big corporations and the business elite and, at risk, is a  true participatory democracy that focuses  on protecting the common good for all citizens.

It is well to remember that it was the business elite that created the Global Financial Crisis  (GFC) of 2008  And  also, as a result of decades of  the market forces’ ideology,  Anglo-American societies have developed  very unequal  winner/loser societies that weaken the social fabric of their communities. Inequality in these countries is a growing issue; the 'rich have got richer and the poor poorer!'


The upcoming New Zealand Elections a possible turning point?.

It is vitally important that opposition political parties present an alternative to this neo-liberal business ideology but so far any sense of a viable alternative has yet to capture the public's imagination. The public needs to face up to the realisation there is no level playing field and that wealth does not trickle down and that the growing inequality will increasingly cause social breakdown

There is an alternative.

The market forces model is not the answer, it is the problem. We need a new vision based on creating the appropriate opportunities or conditions to ensure all people benefit. A vision that values the common good not one biased towards private greed; an approach based on economic and environmental sustainability; one that values collaboration as much as competition; a vision that does not lend itself to measuring only the easy targets.


Transforming education is central to the development this more equitable and innovative society.

Voices such as educationalists like Sir Ken Robinson and Howard Gardner are calling for a transformation of education (not reform which is more of the same at best); an education system that creates the conditions to develop the talents and passions of all students.

In this respect schools (as with society) are facing an opportunity gap rather than an achievement gap.

The coming elections will either cement in and amplify the neo-liberal ideology or be the beginning of a fairer society, providing opportunities for all; one valuing individual creativity and respect for sustaining the environment.

Alan welcomes suggested articles, so if you come across a gem, email it to him at allan.alach@ihug.co.nz.

This week’s homework!


This week it has been hard to ignore the debate around the governments Investing in Educational Success (IES) proposals involving the establishment of 'super'  principals and teachers to help schools deemed as at risk. 
Straight shooter

If want to clarify your thoughts read Pat Newmans opinion piece against the proposals in the May Education Review and make sure you read the contrary comment by Tom Parsonsfrom the Secondary point of view.




And if you havent read Kelvin Smythes response visit the links below. The NZEI is against the IES proposal but where does the NZPPF stand? Tom Parsons make the secondary principals approval clear.



Be Afraid
And if you arent certain about the desire to capture schools by private corporations read Be Afraid; the Privatisation of Public Education in the latest Education Aotearoa by Michelle Nixon.


Some thoughtful videos sharing the big ideas from the Jan 2014 NZEI   Taking Stock. Moving Forward Conference.

From England : Meg Maquire- and coming soon to NZ!!
Meg's presentation was based on how teachers  face up to the challenges of
Meg Maquire
holding on to their teaching beliefs while accommodating the corrosive effects of
league tables
.

 The emotional and intellectual demands of teaching, she says, are compounded by the politically inspired crisis in literacy and numeracy, a public nostalgia for rote learning and accelerated calls for accountability.

She also talks about growth of private school academies (charter schools). In England, she says,  is all business jargon raising standards, drowning out the ethos of caring and doing your best for children -  and the notion of public educations role preserving democracy .


From The United States: David Berliner the vital  ( and ignored) issue of poverty.

David Berliner
Berliner says that recent research in the US shows that only 10% of variation between schools is down to teachers and we do miracles with our 10% of a kids time.

The crisis in education is being manufactured by people like Bill Gates. Mean scores in International Tests are about cohorts .. not to do with the quality of teaching. There is a lot of lot of inequality in countries with remnants of British Capitalism and class system; in contrast in high scoring  Finland only 4% of children are living in poverty.

Not quite the real truth!!
Berliner calls Prime Minister John Key a liar when he said  announcing the Investing in Education Success ( IES) proposal,that a mountain of research shows that the quality of teaching inside the classroom is the biggest influence on kids achievement. Every researcher, Berliner says, in the Western world know that is not true.

From Australia Bob Lingard  says that testing technologies are taking over from ideas in education.
Lingard criticises the OECDs  slogan you cant improve what you dont measure and that its Programme for International  Student Assessment (PISA) is increasingly
Bob Lingard
influencing local policy and that many of its tests are funded by huge US corporate interests

Lingard talks about the negative effects of the National Australian Assessment Programme Literacy and Numeracy Tests ( NAPLAN) in Australia. If the National  Government returns this could well be the model to extend the power of National Standards.




Now for something positive : Education is about building character.

"he punitive cloud hanging over teachers is darker today than it's been in a long time," writes Nancy Flanagan. "Let's not make it worse by taking the human element out of teacher evaluation, in favour of numbers."


From Bruce Hammonds Oldies but Goodies

There are well over a thousand postings on my blog and the blog data show which ones are being read each hour, day, week,month , year and all time. One that is popular at the moment relates to the theme of these readings is;

The Corporate takeover of Society

New bureaucratic practices are now well in place in all public organisations and increasingly in education. Corporate jargon is now common in this new educational environment  inputs, outputs, targets, key performance indicators, performance
The 1% knows best!
management, efficiency, accountability, bench marking and quality assurance.

Corporate domination, to be put in place,  needs an acquiescent and a disciplined workforce.


The corporate model is pushed on schools by policy makers  who have little or no experience of the reality of the classroom ignoring  the voice of educationalists.

.

 Valuing creative teachers.

Value creative teachers
With the election drawing near the choices are sharpening or ought to be.  The survival of a creative education. valuing diversity over standardisation. will depend on who is the government post-election..



 Super teachers; Not the answer
Time for courageous school leadership.We dont need travelling 'super principals and teachers' to act as enforcers of government edicts, we need to share the ideas of creative teachers.


Inequality in New Zealand – Max Rashbrooke

There are those who  suggest that the inequality gap will become a key election issue in 2014. The divide between the richest and poorest New Zealander has widened alarmingly over recent decades- faster than in most other developed countries.

God’s own country –  once supposedly the best place to bring up kids in the world, seems no longer to be the case. A country originally founded to escape the worst of the class structure of England seems to have given up on the idea of giving a fair
go to all citizens. The view of many well off people now is that the poor are the authors of their own misfortune and only need to set about and pull up their socks and all will be well; there seems little empathy for those in difficult situations.

Is this divided  disconnected world of rich and poor to be our future? Is there an alternative

Sunday, 8 June 2014

Learning to love maths - moving away from ability grouping. Prof Jo Boaler




Jo Boaler is the Marie Curie Professor of maths at University of Sussex. She previously taught at Kings College London and Stanford University. She is author of ‘The Elephant in the Classroom: Helping Children Learn and Love Maths’.

See small u tube presentation by Jo Boaler ( Ideal staff meeting?)


Together literacy and numeracy takes up the greatest proportion of the school day , a situation cemented by the imposition of National Standards. One UK commentator has said that ‘literacy
Sir Ken
and numeracy are the evil twins that have gobbled up the entire curriculum’. Sir Ken Robinson writes that schools only ‘mine’children’s heads for literacy and numeracy ignoring other important learning areas – he believes creativity is as important as literacy and numeracy. Guy Claxton echoes Sir Ken’s thoughts saying that ‘learnacy’ is as important as literacy and numeracy. 

For all this emphasis too many students leave school unable to do basic numeracy and see themselves as maths cripples.

I have always believed two things have caused thissituation: an emphasis on ‘school’ rather than ‘real’ maths and the use ofability grouping. When I taught I refused to use ability grouping and did my best to introduce real or interesting maths topics to my class– integrating maths, where possible, with the current inquiry study. To cover myself we also did basic computation daily but I taught the students that this was to be seen as ‘practice’ not ‘real’ maths. The majority of the learning in my room was centred around the inquiry based study topics we chose. Literacy and numeracy were seen as ‘foundation skills’ necessary for students to complete quality learning in selected study areas - as well as for their own intrinsic value

I wish I had access at the time to Jo Boaler’s book (and also the research of Australian maths educationalist Charles Lovett   ) but I gained support from computer educationalist Seymour
http://leading-learning.blogspot.co.nz/2013/08/seymour-papert-obsolete-three-rs.html
Great book
Papert who had written that ‘all science and maths ought to be applied not pure'.  Dr Z P Dienes(of Dienes blocks) had also written that it is  time to 'shift from teaching to learning, from our experience to the children's, in fact, from our world to theirs'.  I had also come to the conclusion that the secret was to do fewer maths topics well – a lesson we now are now learning from Japanese maths teaching.

Jo Boaler writes, ‘far too many students hate maths. As a result adults all over the world fear maths and avoid it at all costs…. It’s the subject that can make them feel both helpless and stupid….Maths more than any subject has the power to crush children’s confidence.’

It’s time to remedy this situation and her book provides the knowledge and the details of the real maths children should be learning.
The ‘elephant in the room’ is the belief held by teachers that some people can do maths and some can’t and so, to help ‘slow’ learners, children are grouped byability. As a result the maths that is taught, she writes, has little in common with real maths. When ‘real’ maths is taught in context many more children are successful.

Testing!!!!!
But changing maths teaching has proven to be very difficult and as a result ‘many children are still subjected to an outdated and narrow form of teaching. With the imposition of national testing in the UK English students’ results (along with students in the US) are falling behind other countries and, as well, more student end up disliking maths. And to compound the problem ability grouping is increasingly being seen as the ‘way’ to teach maths. Ironically these ‘failing’ countries are the ones our government is emulating with its standards agenda!

The purpose of Boaler’s book is to make students and teachers excited about maths and to ensure more students are competent, equipped for a future that will require maths ability.

A key question to ask is what is maths? Real mathematicians see it as a study of patterns and relationships –a way of thinking and making meaning.

Maths in nature
One clear difference between the work of mathematicians and school maths is that mathematicians work on tasks that take a long time to complete usually collaborating with other mathematicians to devise solutions while at school students work alone on short ‘unreal’ questions with known answers. Teachers of ‘school’ maths might be surprised, Boaler writes, to know that mathematicians involve themselves in guessing at first and then setting about problem solving. This provides a clue for teachers who want to have their children working like junior mathematician; an approach encouraged by American educator David Perkins.

Bringing maths back to life for school children involves giving them a sense of living mathematics….posing and extending problems of interest to students means they enjoy mathematics more, they feel ownership of their work and they ultimately learn more’.

There seems like the need to make school maths a perpetual ‘maths fair’. ‘If students were to work in the ways mathematicians do, for at least some of the time- posing problems, making guesses and conjectures, exploring with and refining ideas, and discussing ideas with others they would be given a sense of true mathematical work….to enjoy mathematics…and learn in the most productive ways.’

Let's not label kids!
The biggest problem in school work in the UK, Boaler believes, is the desire to label children and assign them to a level (standard) and teach them in ability groups. Recent UK government policies, she writes, has ‘pushed the situation out of control’. 
Schools are now deciding who can and can’t do maths when they are only four years old and research show that most children stay in the low groups until they leave school. This grouping ignores all that is known about the variety in the individual development of children. Since target setting has taken over in schools children in the UK have dropped from eight to twenty fourth in international tests of mathematical problem solving. A lesson for New Zealand! Boaler believes it is important to replace this target driven approach, which labels and prejudges children producing ‘can’t do’ maths students, with real maths experiences.

What is required, she writes, ‘is to provide stimulatingenvironments for all children; environments in which children’s interests canbe peaked and nurtured, with teachers who are ready to recognize, cultivate and develop the potential that children show at different times and different areas.’
 This is difficult if children are placed in low groups – such students come to believe in their lack of ability. In NZ - once a weka always a weka!

Slow learners? I think not!
Such destructive ability grouping is not used in high achieving countries like Finland and Japan where schools communicate that everyone can be good at maths and teachers work hard to see it happens – working collaboratively to plan exciting maths and doing fewer things well.

It appears to me that in New Zealand schools the use of ability grouping is unquestioned and that many schools and, following the UK ‘lead, are’ moving into greater setting and streaming for maths. Boaler points out that  the International Mathematics and Science Study shows countries   ‘who leave grouping to the latest possible moment or who use the least amount of grouping by ability are those with the highest achievement.’ Japanese educators are ‘bemused by the Western goal of sorting students into high and low abilities’. In Japan what is important is balance. ’Everyone can do everything…..so we can’t divide by ability…Japanese education emphasizes group education, not individual education…we want students to help each other, to learn from each other…to get along and grow together.’ Add to this teachers who plan maths collaboratively and do fewer topics well and you have recipe for success.

 ‘Research’, Boaler writes,’ tells us that approaches that keep students as equal as possible and that do not group by ability not only helps those who would be placed in low sets, which seems obviously, but those who would be placed in high sets too.’

Inspiration for maths
Researchers consistently find that the most important factor is what they call opportunity to learn.
 If students are not given challenging and high level work then they do not achieve at high levels.’ ‘Students who struggle in mathematics are helped by engaging in discussions about maths with students who are working at higher levels.’ ‘In Japan students are not all expected to learn the same thing, which the unrealistic expectations in many countries; instead they are given challenging problems and each student get the most that they can.’ This reflects my own teaching approach.

Boaler writes ‘the impact that ability grouping has upon students’ lives – in and beyond school – is profound. Researchers in England found that 88% of children placed in ability groups at age four remain in the same groupings until they leave school. This is the most chilling statistics I have ever read.’ For schools to make these sort of grouping decisions, she writes, ‘is nothing short of criminal.’

Only by offering opportunities for rich challenges, by flexible system of grouping that does not pre-judge a child’s achievement, and by using multi-level mathematical that each student takes to the highest level will we ‘encourage smart and competent maths learners in our classrooms.’
One school studies Alice in Numberland!!

Maybe it is time for New Zealand schools to re-think their use of ability grouping in mathematics- and reading?

Time to let those wekas fly!


And if you aren't convinced read this!

Thursday, 5 June 2014

Educational Readings - Pat Newman (NZ), Jerome Bruner, John Abbot, Lester Thurow et all




By Bruce Hammonds

Allan Alach, the regular compiler of Educational Readings, is away holidaying in the UK and Europe for a few weeks so I have put together this weeks reading. Alan does a great job searching out readings either supporting a progressive point of view or critiquing the current neo-liberal ideology that has infected Western Education.

I wish Allan a great holiday but thankfully when he gets sorted he will continue his contributions.

The next few months in New Zealand will be very important with the election looming. If the current government is returned then the neo-liberal agenda will be fully implemented leading New Zealand further down the path to privatization.

Alan welcomes suggested articles, so if you come across a gem, email it to him at allan.alach@ihug.co.nz.

This weeks homework!

Dont be fooled by proposed 'Super' Principals scheme says Pat Newman
An advocate for creative teaching
Before leaving Allan send me the link below to Pat Newman ( President of the Tai Tokerou Principals) opinion piece in the latest Education Review. 

Pat writes  about the negative scenario that will result if Nationals latest populist panacea of providing considerable money to appoint 'super' principals and 'super' teachers to ensure schools comply to government National Standards  is put in place

 Read what Pat has to say (he is one principal who is not afraid to confront the government neo-liberal policies).

Then read the following comment by Tom Parsons (Secondary Principals Association president)
Parsons writes that Pat is scaremongering and that we should see the positive in the 'super' principal /teacher idea. He sees the idea as the best thing since the 1877 Education Act!  He must be joking?
I am with Pat!

And read Kelvin Smythe's response to the PPTA sell-out.

We need to re-Imagine what kind of society we want.
John Abbot


To implement real educational reform we need to figure out what sort of world we want, writes John Abbot the director of the 21st Century Learning Imitative. Do we want citizens who thrive on interdependence and community or a world run by self-centered individuals? Read and find out.

Learning Deeply students learn by making stuff.

Schools involved in 21stlearning make use of project based learning and modern information technology. The link below leads to a short article that will resonate with creative New Zealand teachers.


Moving beyond testing.

As schools are becoming test focused it is enlightening to read of schools that are
Moving away from testing
gaining student success without recourse to  standardized testing by moving towards performance based assessment
. Take a look at the short videos embedded in the article. Once again creative New Zealand teachers will feel in good company.


Whats behind the surprise of creativity- Jerome Bruner?

Jerome Bruner is a favourite educator of mine. He wisely has written that students
Jerome Bruner
get better at what they get good at' 
and teaching is the canny art of intellectual temptation. In this piece he talks about the hard work behind creative insight. This link takes to a great Edu- blog.

The spiral curriculum doesn’t always go up!!
There are those who think learning is a simple linear staircase process (and thus able to be determined by adults) but this article explains that education is more a process of moving backwards and forwards like overlapping waves. Slipping back

is a normal part of learning writes Robert Siegler Professor of Cognitive Psychology at Carnegie Mellon University.


Do we need to do new things in a new way writes blogger Bill Ferriter? 
 Another great blog site.

It’s is not just new technology that counts it is the pedagogy behind their use. New digital tools used wisely do develop more efficient and effective learners. In my experience the technology available in many classes (at great expense) is poorly used.


What keeps kids motivated to learn.

Humans are born with an innate default need to learn so with this in mind it is ironic that schools have problem motivating their ‘natural born learners. This link provides teachers with some practical answers – and also, ironically, answers that once were the grist for creative teaches and are now risk of being lost with the government
An integrated environmental project
standardized teaching agenda. Creative teachers will recognise such ideas as: integrated projects, interest based learning, hands on learning, learning from failure, performance based assessment and caring teachers.



Do teachers talk too much? And what to do about it.

A short perceptive and practical read.


From Bruce Hammonds Oldies but Goodies

One of my oldies but goodies - there are well over a thousand postings on my blog and the blog data show which ones are being read each hour, day, week, month , year and all time. It is ones that turn up that I have all but forgotten these that I send to Allan to add to the readings.

Time for a national conversation about education?

This blog written in 2005, with the election looming seems as relevant as ever.


 As does this blog based on a book by Lester Thurow about the world at a 'turning point'.

There are a lot of inter-related forces  that are leading to a major turning point in human civilisation that will create change whether we like it or not.Unfortunately politicians, with the exception of those who understand the need for sustainability, with their short term election focus fail to see, or choose to ignore. Lester Thurow writes, we need a new game, new rules and new strategies. We are still awaiting the turning point be wrote of in his book but change is inevitable whether we like it or not.


 Creative or compliant teachers.The challenge for teachers and school with the election looming. 
A recent blog but worth a re-read?

With the election drawing near the choices are sharpening – or ought to be. Creative education will depend on who is the government post-election