Wednesday, 16 September 2015

A message to Auntie

Now and then, just to fall in step with other the tabloid press, BBC News resorts to sensationalist headlines. I'm not sure why they do it, because they already have a huge global audience and they don't need to hype themselves. But one of The BBC's most recent headlines is a little misleading.

Yesterday, 'Auntie' (the affectionate nickname we Brits give the BBC) ran this headline: Computers 'do not improve' pupil results says OECD.

Predictably, the somewhat negative spin in the article provoked a small storm of social media comments and TV interviews, while the anti-technology brigade gleefully rubbed their hands. Earlier, the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) had released the results of a survey on the use of technology in schools. Its director of education and skills Andreas Schleicher had said among other things that 'technology had raised too many false hopes.' The BBC article then went on to quote Tom Bennett who said: 'teachers have been dazzled by school computers.' Reading this, you might think the BBC was itself anti-technology in schools wouldn't you? But if you don't read the entire story and simply take in the headline and opening salvo, or fail to get to heart of the OECD report, you won't see the full picture.

Anyone who takes time to read through the OECD report summary will see that it is actually very positive about the use of technology in schools. It's certainly more positive than Auntie's article. It calls for new approaches to integrating technology into teaching, because at present technology use is not optimal.  It would be mindless to read this report and then simply dismiss technology as having no place in schools. What the report is actually saying is that technology is no substitute for good pedagogy. All teachers would agree with this. It also suggests that technology can be a distraction for students if it is poorly deployed. Again, there is no argument with this. Both conclusions tell us more about the pedagogy prevalent in schools than they do about the potential of technology.

The study reports that in schools where they use technology more, children's grades suffer. So technology prevents good grades? Care needs to be taken here. Far too many variables are unconsidered for us to make any firm conclusions about such statistics. To conclude that the more children use technology the lower their grades will be, is tenuous at best, and at worst absolutely misleading.

The bottom line is this - if used appropriately, technology can, and often does make learning more engaging, and it has the potential to transform educational environments. Schleicher has gone on record to say this in recent TV interviews. The key word is 'appropriately'. The crux of the matter is that many schools have yet to find ways to embed technology. In the words of Andreas Schleicher himself: 'Technology can amplify great teaching, but just doesn't replace poor teaching.'

I have a message to Auntie: Please don't use sensationalist headlines to hype your news articles. Simply tell it like it is. We will respect you more if you do.

Related posts:

Mobile phones and iPads hamper learning!! by Neil Atkin
Pedagogy first, technology second by Steve Wheeler
Tech doesn't improve student results study: Why news reports like this are damaging by Claire Amos

Photo by Edward on Wikimedia Commons

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A message to Auntie by Steve Wheeler was written in Plymouth, England and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.

Tuesday, 15 September 2015

Inquiry driven classrooms - worth fighting for in this era of standardized teaching.


Looking back the majority of 'our' blogs are about education generally but in my experience the blogs that are really appreciated by classroom teachers are the practical inquiry ones; ones with their genesis in real class programmes.

I am not sure in recent years  if New Zealand primary classrooms have made  grounds  making inquiry central to their classrooms, particularly  since the introduction of National Standards.

The standards have been a regressive influence in schools resulting in a a greater emphasis on literacy and numeracy, all too often disconnected from the inquiry programme and that this emphasis has all but sidelined the potentially exciting 2007 New Zealand Curriculum

National Standards


Sir Paul Callahan
Recently I listened to a secondary student on National Radio  who had won the recent Paul Callahan science prize for her work researching neurology. The late Paul Calllahan believed that developing the talents of all New Zealanders the key to the future success of New Zealand.

The student interviewed outlined the inquiry/research process she made use of .I thought , as I was listening, that her process was one that would apply to any level of education.

 I would see the process as:

Get the children to list or mindmap areas they would like to research. What things concern them? What things do they want to learn more about? What interests do they want to learn more about? This is essentially the process outlined by American Middle School educator James Beane.

From such ideas a class could select theme to explore and then break into small groups to research. 

Maybe this would be a good idea for the first project to model the inquiry/research process and following this individual or small group research studies. The ideas are outlined in this link about a Space Study.

This is essentially Problem Based Learning. It is the same process as developing an exhibit for a science, maths or technology project. It is also a similar model to the NZ Learning in Science Model.

It is also personalized learning or talent based learning (and covers the ideas of multiple intelligences)

Students would need to present their research proposal to the class/teacher for their input/approval.

The secondary student mentioned her fellow students used ‘flipped learning’  ( using sites such as  the Kahn Academy  and by the critical use of Google. Her success was based on  the way she  questioned and added her personal ideas to what she discovered.

Such skills ideally would be developed during the literacy programmes.

The students in her class then had to present their ideas using whatever ICT media they thought best.

One again such ICT skills could well be developed through the literacy programme.

Their final work was presented to outside experts where students had to' defend' and explain their findings  

Final work  could be added to their digital portfolios 

The process the secondary student outlines was essentially the process creative primary teachers used for decades. Such teachers developed their rooms as communities of scientists and artists who explore ideas of interests in the process integrating appropriate Learning Areas. 


This education as outlined by educationalist John Dewey and put into practice by such teachers as New Zealand's Elwyn Richardson. Such teaching is now at risk of being lost by the focus on National Standards and the proposed heavy handed politically inspired Ministry Communities of Schools unless  of course they focused on developing true inquiry based learning focusing developing the gifts and talents of all students.

Post script

Here is an excellent link to developing an inquiry based classroom.


Elwyn Richardson developed his class as a community of scientists and artists





  

Photo finish

It was a pleasure to spend some time with Jonathan Worth following his ALT-C keynote in Manchester last week. We got on just fine because we discovered that we have a lot in common, not least of which was that we both did formal training as photographers, in the pre-digital age. And so we took time reminiscing over all the tasks we needed to perform as we learnt photography in the studio and the darkroom to produce our work and remarked on how much more involved and difficult it was to make images then than it is today. The skills we had to acquire back in the day were different to the skills now required to manipulate and produce photographs in the digital age.

I recalled my first time in the darkroom, about 3 days into my photography course. I had already been out that morning capturing my images. I had then processed my 35mm black and white FP4 film and had dried it. Using a light-box, I then carefully selected a negative to print, and used an enlarger to expose a 10 x 8 sheet of photosensitive paper. The magic moment occurred for me when with tongs, I submerged the exposed paper in a shallow tank of developer fluid and gently agitated it. For a few seconds nothing happened, and then slowly, as if by magic, I saw an image begin to appear on the paper. It really did feel magical. Within minutes the image was fully developed, and I placed the paper in the fixing fluid.

I had discovered the power of images, and also the secrets behind how they were made. I had produced my first photograph, and it was all my own work. It was a huge sense of achievement, and I had been involved at every step of the creative process, from start to finish. I shared my memory of this with Jonathan, and he agreed with me that producing his first photographic image in the darkroom was a magical moment for him too.

Although time has moved on, and we are now in an age where one click of a button will produce a high resolution, full colour digital photograph on your smartphone, there is still something very special about the longer process by which we used to create our images. It took time, effort and a lot of forethought to get those images. Sometimes it went wrong, and we had to start again. But this was part of the old school charm of developing your film and printing your images yourself. You understood how images were made. You played a part in the creation of those artefacts. Some photographers still adhere to these old way of creating images. Many others rely on digital image making, where the art comes in the composition, cropping, and digital manipulation of the image using Photoshop and other software.  

Whichever way we learn, whether it is photography, or some other skill, being involved in the creative process retains its magic and is hugely important for the learning experience. Learning by making is again becoming something we consider to be very powerful. In fact in never really went away. The rise in popularity of maker spaces and fab labs is an indication of its importance in today's learning. Making, creating, fixing and designing are all processes we need for education now and in the future. With them, we can turn our hands to just about anything.

Photo by Vladimir Agafonkin on Flickr

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Photo finish by Steve Wheeler was written in Plymouth, England and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.

Monday, 14 September 2015

All our yesterdays

Kenneth Wheeler (aged about 8 years old in 1936) with his mother
Don't ever tell me that technology is only for the young. About four years ago I introduced my Dad to Facebook. Now aged 87, at first he struggled to get to grips with it, just as he had done when we gave him a mobile phone ("It's all gone dead, boy..." - "Yes it will, Dad. You need to make sure you keep recharging the battery").

Yet once he gained an understanding of the concept of social networks - that he could find and connect people he knew, and send them messages and photographs and share links, instantly, no matter where they were in the world - he was in like Flint.

He started out on an old laptop, but then one of the family bought him a mini iPad. Now there is no stopping him. He is prolific, sharing links he discovers, commenting on other people's status updates, and has also been blogging daily on Facebook for the last few months with over 90 posts to date.

If you read his posts, you will feel the sense of wonder he experiences when he uses Facebook. Here is a man who was born and raised between the first and second world wars, in a time where telephones and television were uncommon, and newspapers and radio were the main mediums of public communication. Mail would take days or even weeks to arrive at its destination. He served for 32 years in the armed forces, where being sent to any part of the world would take days or even weeks.

He called me over to his house not so long ago to ask what the '47K' meant below his most recent status update. I took a look at his account. He had replied to a mainstream Facebook discussion, and had received over 47,000 likes in less than 24 hours! (I was secretly jealous of his overnight success). Here's his own account of this:
"....some time ago I saw a story about a couple that had been married for 63 years and died with in a few hours of each other, I happened to say that my Wife and I had also been married for the same amount of time, I had loads of replies I asked my Son Steve, what was the K by the numbers, he told me it meant thousands, and there really was thousands of replies, I had only just started on my computer then, I have to admit I have not improve a great deal since ,still only typing with two fingers so it take a time, but I have plenty of that these days."
He speculates on the future, because his dalliance with technology has made him aware of the many possibilities that are opening up to us all. He is amazed at the progress he has seen and expresses it evocatively:
"I felt such a kick out of hearing from all over the world,that has grown smaller with the internet ,and is in almost every home in the world, this has put the world in easy reach to any one and every one, when I was on my first troop ship it took us 11 days to get to Egypt, now we can get to New Zealand and back again in that time, with a few days rest in between. What is going to happen next?"
Dad with Mum recently at a family wedding
Dad is not a 'silver surfer' in the way that dreadful, condescending term implies. Like many others who are in their mature years, Dad is a walking history book who happens to have discovered another tool for communication.

Those like him who venture into a potentially bewildering high tech world such as social networking, should be considered real treasures of our society. We can all learn a lot from their experiences, their triumphs and failures, their eye witness accounts of history - and when they share their lives online for us, we are greatly enriched.

So, long may Dad, and many others just like him be encouraged to continue sharing their wisdom with us online. Write them a brief comment or simply 'like' their posts when you find them. This is what Dad posted when he came home yesterday and saw the responses to his latest post:
"I have been blown away at the response of people that answered my blog this morning, when I got back from Church I had a quick look and almost fell over in shock, I thought only a few were reading it, but in the end it was over 500 that is fantastic, I am so pleased to have comments and all of it was kind and pleasing to read, I have to say it made me well up for a while, it was so unexpected. And from all over the world too I have already said how I am amazed at the fact I can write a message on FB and get an answer back in a split second, from out of the way places in the world to you all it's the norm, but to me it's unreal and amazing."
I'll leave the last word to Dad with one of his signature stories:
"Because Her Majesty is now the longest serving monarch in the world, here a story that I thought you might like to hear, it was when both the Queen and Princess Margaret were little children in Scotland, and had gone for a walk over the hills ,when they needed a drink, so they went to a croft knocked on the door and asked the lady ,"could they please have a drink of water,"the lady got them the water and asked the question. Who are you? The Queen replied. "We are no body, but our Father is a King." This is so precious, I think..."

 Inset photo by Steve Wheeler
 Main photo source unknown

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All our yesterdays by Steve Wheeler was written in Plymouth, England and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.

Saturday, 12 September 2015

Senses working overtime

A man walks into a bar, and is surprised to see a horse serving drinks. He stands there astonished, his jaw dropping. The horse looks up, sees the man and says: 'I know you're surprised to see a horse behind the bar, serving drinks...' The man finds his voice: 'No, it's not that' he says, 'I just never thought the duck would sell the place.' 

Or... alternatively, a man walks into a bar and, seeing a horse serving drinks, he realises he is dreaming. 

Or... in an alternative reality, a man walks into a bar and sees a horse serving drinks, and knows he is in a virtual reality (VR) environment. The 'dream world' he is experiencing inside his head is an artefact of the images being rendered by the visor he is wearing.


We are still a little way off from making such immersive experiences ad interactions available to organisational learning. What about room based systems? The iconic Star Trek holodecks (or the virtual room featured in the movie Disclosure), are probably facilities that won't be seen for several decades. But personal, wearable devices are already here and are being refined. The emergence of personal visor technologies such as Facebook's Oculus Rift, Sony's Project Morpheus and other similar wearables will more likely make the above scenario, or any similarly fantastic context possible.

Perhaps a more salient question is not when VR environments will be available for education and training, but for what they will be used? How costly would it be to develop VR content that supports organisational learning? The answer depends on scalability. If enough employees can be trained using VR headsets, and enough headsets are available for all participants, then virtual reality training will be feasible. The key secret to the success of VR though, is psychological rather than technical. It lies in the propensity of the human mind to quickly adapt to its environment. VR wearables are designed to flood your senses with information. While your ears and eyes are receiving synchronised digitised stimuli, the rest of your body is sensing the real world around you, such as the solid seat, pedals and handlebars of a bycycle. It is this psychological blend of real and virtual that causes the user to believe in the experience.



In other words, if the system is good enough to fool your sense of proprioception (where you sense your body is in a space), then the experience will be credible. Several recent VR reviews mention this phenomenon, as seen for example in this article. Currently, VR technologies that are commercially available are used predominantly to play games. However, it is only a small step up from games playing to games based learning. I believe this is the opportunity for content developers and instructional designers to grasp.

If the VR content is skilfully designed, the wearer of the device will (almost) believe they are experiencing it for real. Almost. Problems persist around rendering speed and resolution, audio quality, latency, content development and human issues such as nausea and equilibrioception problems. Experiences can be... well, clunky. Although progress is being made in addressing these issues, more effort will be required before we see a time when any student can learn by using immersion experiences supported by VR.

Wearable, personal VR systems are on the horizon for learning and development - one day we will see them in everyday use. But this won't happen until the problems, which are mainly technical, have been ironed out and appropriately designed content becomes available.

Photo courtesy of Samsung on Flickr

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Senses working overtime by Steve Wheeler was written in Plymouth, England and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.

Friday, 11 September 2015

#ALTC Hangout

Directly after my keynote at ALT-C,  along with my co-presenters Becca Smallshaw and Kate Bartlett (who were absolute stars), I took part in a Google hangout discussion. Ably hosted by Simon Ensor (France), Alan Levine (USA - @cogdog barks here) and Rebecca Hogue (who was with us in Manchester) we had a wide ranging conversation about digital literacy, the use of virtual learning environments, digital citizenship, openness in education, personal learning environments, assessment and student centred learning. It was a great conversation with many interesting and thought provoking questions and comments. Below is a YouTube recording of the hangout for those who couldn't join in live. [Other hangouts are also available.]





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#ALTC Hangout by Steve Wheeler was written in Plymouth, England and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.

Thursday, 10 September 2015

Education Readings - for creative teachers who want to fight back



By Allan Alach


I welcome suggested articles, so if you come across a gem, email it to me at allanalach@inspire.net.nz

When Knowledge Is Unforgettable: Adults remember more of what they learned in school than they think they do.
Education-policy debates tend to focus on structural issuesthings like teacher quality, licensure requirements, and laws governing charter schools. But research on human memory indicates that academic content and the way it is sequencedi.e., curriculumare vital determinants of educational outcomes, and theyre aspects that receive insufficient attention. In other words, perhaps what matters most after all isnt mental exercise.

Bedtime Stories for Young Brains
“The different levels of brain activation, he said, suggest that children who have more practice in developing those visual images, as they look at picture books and listen to stories, may develop skills that will help them make images and stories out of words later on.

Taking Notes: Is The Pen Still Mightier Than the Keyboard?
This topic has been covered in earlier readings but is worth revisiting, especially as it ends up discussing the use of images in note taking - the obvious connection being Tony Buzan’s Mind Maps.
“While unconventional, drawing as note-taking makes sense based on memory research, which shows that if multiple ideas can be condensed into an image, the brain stores all those related ideas as one. The image acts as a zip drive for multiple ideas, helping to fit more into the limited short term memory.”

Want to Reform Education? Let Teachers Teach.
Not rocket science, is it?
Tinkering with assessments is just rearranging the deck furniture on the titanic failure of education reform. Real education reform will come when, and only when, we address poverty, fund schools properly and honor the teaching profession with good pay and the respect teachers deserve.

Why young kids need less class time and more play time at school
The importance of play has been covered in a number of previous readings - heres another excellent article.
It seems counter-intuitive to think that less classroom time and more outdoor play would lead to a better education for kids. But longer time on task doesnt equate to better results, only greater burnout. For years, educators have tried different unsuccessful strategies more testing, more instructionto reverse these trends. The answer, however, is not more class time. Its more play.

What do Students Lose by Being Perfect? Valuable Failure
Teachers know this, but do parents and wider community?
Many educators already know this, but what to do about it? Educators can play a crucial part in
helping kids to get comfortable with failure, which Lahey calls autonomy-supportive teachingand goes hand-in-hand with autonomy-supportive parenting. She says there are ways educators can encourage parents to let go, and here are a few.

How a Moveable Space Can Ignite Creativity in the Classroom
Rethinking learning environments will play an important role in education in the years to come. Are you rehashing old models or covering new ground? Everyone who cares deeply about education wants to find creative ways to engage the next generation of learners. The thinking about these
spaces will continue to evolve and change as we try them out and learn from these experiences. This is the design-thinking process for creating the next generation of learning environments.

Why You Shouldn't Waste Your Time With 'Learning Styles
This topic has been covered several times in previous lists, but its worth highlighting it again.
In the future, someone may prove that learning style practices are effective. In the meantime, learning is too important to gamble with something that might work. Use methods that we know do work.

This weeks contributions from Bruce Hammonds:

Inquiry-Based Learning in the Science Classroo
“Beginning with a central question and driven by curiosity and personal passions, science students at Casey Middle seek answers through research, experimentation, and data analysis.

When Educators Make Space For Play and Passion, Students Develop Purpose
Harvard education specialist Tony Wagner has been advocating that we reinvent the education system to promote innovation for years. Hes clear that content should no longer be at the centre of school. Instead, he says a teachers main job should be to help
students develop key skills necessary for when they leave school. Take 15 minutes to watch his TED Talk it would make a great staff  or parent meeting.

EmployersChallenge to Educators: Make School Relevant to StudentsLives
Business leaders and economic thinkers are worried that todays students arent leaving school with the skills theyll need to succeed in the workplace. They are looking for applicants who show individuality, confidence in their abilities, ability to identify and communicate their strengths, and who are capable of thinking on their feet.

From Bruce’s ‘goldie oldies’ file:

'Crap detecting
The need for a crap detector’ – good advice from Ernest Hemingway.
“An interviewer once asked the late Ernest Hemingway to identify the characteristics of a great writer. The interviewer asked, ‘Isnt there any one essential ingredient that you can identify?Hemingway replied, Yes there is. In order to be a great writer a person must have a built in, shockproof crap detector.Hemingway identified the essential future survival strategy and the essential function of schools today. New ideas have only ever been developed when people have challenged faulty assumptions and ideas.”

Tapping into the student's world
Value students ideas
“Every student brings with them memories and ideas gained from the experiences they have had. All too often this personal form of motivation is overlooked by teachers who seem to think they have better ideas to use - their own. It is as if students come to school as blank slates ( tabula rosa) when instead they come with a wealth of ideas to share but to do their ideas need to be valued.”

Creating conditions to 'invite' growth
Create conditiopns for growth
“If teachers really thought hard about the conditions that students, as living being, need to develop their learning potential then we wouldnt have so many disenchanted or, worse still, alienated students.We spent too much time wishing some students were different and not enough on making learning 'inviting'.According to Carol Anne Tomlinson,an American Educator, expert in differentiating learning, students care about learning when their teachers invite them to learnby meeting their studentsneeds for:affirmation, contribution, purpose, power and challenge in the classroom’.

Education is about playing the whole game
“'Making Learning Whole', written by David Perkins is a book all schools ought to acquire  because it will certainty help them focus their teaching to integrate skills to ensure all their students are equipped with the dispositions to thrive in an unknown future.It is certainly aligned with the intent of the 'new' New Zealand Curriculum and provides practical ideas to implement it.”